Location: Rome, Italy :: essays papers

Location: Rome, Italy Architect: Giacomo Barozzi da Vignola; born 1507, died 1573. His career illustrates the rigidity of Mannerist art in the later half of 16th century. His design of Il Gesu meant that Jesuit missionaries carried copies of his design all over the world. His first major work was the villa (Rome) built for Pope Julius III, but Il Gesu was the most influential, although considered architecturally less adventurous. Vignola published his own treatise, Regola delli Clinque Ordini d'Architettura in 1562. It became the standard textbook for architectural students, mainly in France, for about three centuries and nearly two hundred editions of it are known. Towards the end of his life, he built a gateway for the Farnese Gardens in Rome. The gateway was demolished in 1880, but stones were preserved and it has been rebuilt. Builder: Giovanni Tristano Construction Date: began 1958 (factual). Resource type: Church Style/Culture: Italian Renaissance Description and Features: Il Gesu displays a tunnel-vaulted nave (about 60 feet wide) and has four chapels on each side. The end walls are aligned with the outer walls of the chapels. The tunnel vault rises above the cornice that runs from the faà §ade to the piers of the crossing. Due to the faà §ade windows and the lunettes of the tunnel-vault, the nave is brightly lit, but in contrast, the chapels are dim. The diameter of the dome is equal to the width of the nave. Vignola accomplished this by having the chapels in the form of a continuous row into the piers of the crossing. The dome seemed to rest on surrounding walls, not on the three dimensional piers. The small chapels formed a passage in-between the nave and the transept. Original Use: Il Gesu is the Roman mother-church of the Jesuit Order Construction History: On June 26, 1568 the foundation stone was laid out, although it took years to finally decide on its situation, shape and size. Nanni di Baccio Bigi had submitted a design for the church in 1550, and Michealangelo was called in to design it in 1554, but Vignola's designs were approved. The construction finally started when Cardinal Alessandro Farnese made a large financial contribution in 1586. Giovanni Tristano, a Jesuit father, and an architectural expert, who worked on other Jesuit churches prior to Il Gesu, directed the building. It is assumed that by 1571, Vignola's plans did not satisfy Tristano, because Giacomo della Porta was called to design the faà §ade.

Comparing Propaganda Used in Animal Farm Essay

Comparing Propaganda Used in Animal Farm to the Russian Revolution’s Propaganda â€Å"Propaganda is a narrowly selfish attempt to get people to accept ideas and beliefs, always in the interest of a particular person or group and with little or no advantage to the public (â€Å"What is Propaganda†¦ 2). Propaganda is the spreading of ideas, information, or rumor for the purpose of helping or injuring an institution, a cause, or a person. In the Russian Revolution Joseph Stalin used propaganda to his benefit and used it to usurp the people of Russia. Also how Napoleon used propaganda to his benefit and to usurp the animals of Animal Farm. Napoleon got Boxer to follow him and Boxer helped spread the propaganda, but Squealer was the propaganda itself (Orwell, George 56). Much like how, Joseph Stalin got common people to follow him and he got them to spread it. Fear, transfer, and pinpointing the enemy are three propaganda techniques that are shared by the novel Animal Farm a nd the Russian Revolution. The first propaganda technique is fear and it is used to scare the animals of Animal Farm. Napoleon uses fear by holding purges in which he accuses the animals of treason and kills anyone who confesses to working with Snowball. In the same way, Joseph Stalin uses fear by holding executions in which he accuses his enemies for crimes and forces them to admit to false confessions and then executes them (Background information†¦Ã¢â‚¬  4). The executions are called the Great Terror of 1936 to 1939 and millions of people were killed (Joseph Stalin†¦ 1). Another similarity is how the dogs used fear to force the animals to work and in the Russian Revolution, the secret police forced support for Joseph Stalin. The dogs would also intimidate or threaten any animal who stood in Napoleon’s way. The KGB or secret police would use force and would kill anyone for disobedience (Lamont, George J. 1). The second propaganda technique that is used is transfer. In Animal Farm, all of the animals are equal and that is what they call Animalism. Likewise, all people are equal in Communism, which is what was used during the Russian Revolution. In Animalism, the Animals own the farm and in Communism, the government owns everything and the people own the government (Lamont, George J. 1). Another similarity is that the  raven Moses tells the animals of Animal Farm about a place called Sugar Candy Mountain and that is where all animals go when they die (Orwell, George 17). Allegorically, this represents the Russian Orthodox religion during the Russian Revolution. When the pigs let Moses stay when he returns represents how Joseph Stalin used the Russian Orthodox Church as a way to raise funds for the Russian war effort during World War II (â€Å"George Orwell†¦ 1†). The third and final propaganda technique is pinpointing the enemy. In the book Animal Farm, Mr. Jones is cruel towards the animals and in the Russian Revolution; Czar Nicholas II is brutal with his opponents. Mr. Jones also abused and neglected his animals and Czar Nicholas II would let his people starve and was a bad leader (Lamont, George J. 2). During the Battle of the Cowshed, Mr. Jones tries to regain control of Animal Farm and that represents the Russian Civil War in which the Western capitalist governments sent soldiers to try to remove the Bolsheviks from power (George Orwell Links†¦ 1). Another example of pinpointing the enemy is how Napoleon blames Animal Farm’s mishaps on Snowball and told the animals that he was the enemy. In the Russian Revolution, Joseph Stalin feared that the Trotsky supporters would try to assassinate him and he was also afraid of Trotsky gaining power. Napoleon thought of Snowball as a threat and drove him off of the farm and that represents Trotsky being exiled to Mexico (â€Å"Background information†¦ 16†). Then Joseph Stalin shunned Trotsky from the Soviet Union and then eventually had him killed (â€Å"Joseph Stalin†¦ 1†). Fear, transfer, and pinpointing the enemy are the three propaganda techniques that were talked about in this research paper. Fear is used to make a particular action occur or a consequence will result of disobedience. Transfer is used to make an attempt to make the subject view a certain item in the same way as they view another item to link the two subjects in the mind. Pinpointing the enemy is used to resolve a conflict by presenting a person or group as the enemy. Therefore, the propaganda that was used during the Russian Revolution and Animal Farm had greatly impacted the people of Russia and the animals of Animal Farm. Works Cited â€Å"George Orwell-Animal Farm-Interpretation of characters and symbols.† The Complete Newspeak Dictionary. 7 December 2011 . Lamont, George J. â€Å"Animal Farm-Comparison of characters to the Russian Revolution.† Gonzaga Student Web Server. 11 December 2011 http://barney.gonzaga.edu/~sbennet3/mead/lesonplans/animalfarm.htm>. â€Å"Background information for George Orwell’s Animal Farm-George Orwell Links.† Charles’ George Orwell Links-Biographies, Essays, Novels, Reviews, Images. 11December 2011 Orwell, George. Animal Farm: a fairy story. New York, NY: Signet Classic, 1996. Print. â€Å"What is Propaganda?: Defining Propaganda.† American Historical Association. 15 December 2011 . â€Å"Joseph Stalin – Discover the Networks.† Discover the Networks. 15 December 2011 . Borade, Gaynor. â€Å"Stalinism: The use of Propaganda by Joseph Stalin.† Buzzle Web Portal: Intelligent Life on the Web. 15 December 2011 .

Child Abuse Essay

In order to curb the cases of child abuse, effective education and awareness campaign should be conducted in schools and communities. Through this education and awareness campaign, children will learn about their rights and activities that may be construed as child abuse. Knowledge about rights and any activities that may resemble abuse will certainly help children deal with the issue if they come face to face with it. The paper will look into effective means of promoting awareness about child abuse among children in the community. Secondly, it will look at the risk factor that contributes to the situation of child abuse. Lastly, the study will prescribe an awareness and education campaign for implementation. Previous education and awareness campaigns will also be considered in the paper. Library research and interviews will be conducted. One of the challenges that will beset the study will be the view that educational campaigns, especially those conducted using mass media will have limited effect or impact on the proliferation of child abuse. The validity of this argument will be addressed by presenting studies dealing with the impact of mass media on child abuse awareness campaigns. Furthermore, the study can present a case study that will deal directly with the challenges posed. While the argument may have certain validity, a single means of promoting awareness and education campaign is bound to fail. Hence, additional communication channels should be identified for the campaign. Reference Teicher, M. H. (2002). Scars that Won’t Heal: The Neurobiology of Child Abuse. Scientific American, 286 (3), 54-61. This journal article presents the difficult processes that victims of child abuse go through. It is an indictment of child abuse. At the same time, the author presents interesting recommendations on how child abuse victims can be dealt with so they can cope with pain and trauma. This also provides important insight into the manner of prevention of child abuse. Glaser, D. (2000). Child Abuse and Neglect and the Brain – A Review. The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 41, 97-116. The mental and emotional impact of child abuse is difficult to deal with. Hence, this study helps researchers and other people interested in child abuse to look at these impacts and how to arrive at sound policies for intervention and information campaign.

Challenges facing managers today Research Paper

Challenges facing managers today - Research Paper Example And within this transformation in environment, managers have to change to become a change mentor, an employee advocate or sponsor, and a strategic partner within their organizations. In order to be successful, management is required to be a business driven activity with a comprehensive understanding of the big picture of the organization and have the capacity to affect significant policies and decisions. Generally, the focus of today’s manager should be on strategic technological planning, talents development, and personnel retention. Managers should also be succession planners, coaches, mentors, and counselors to help motivate workers and their loyalty (Daniel & Radenbaugh, 2001). This paper will look at the challenges facing managers today. The paper will take a position and support it using information from relevant research. It is evident that today’s managers are faced with a number of challenges. The following include some of the most apparent challenges. A lack o f resources in an organization can cause grave predicaments for a manager. A lack of resources may make the organization face cutbacks on significant things. This requires the manager to be economically minded and creative when this type of circumstance occurs. It is essential that a manager learns to make the most of what is available and check accessible resources to ensure they are not misused. Managers should also device ways of lessening costs on things which are of nominal significance so that there will be resources for necessary materials. Lack of resources may also have a negative impact on the training of employees (Brickley, Smith, Zimmerman & Willett, 2000). During training, organizations should have budgeted finances for travelling, accommodation, among other needs. If the managers cannot raise the finances to facilitate this, the workers will not have the means of gaining competitive skills, negatively affecting the performance of the organization. Another challenge fa cing the managers of today is their recognition towards input to business access and realization of the objectives of the organization. Some organizations do not see the significance of appointing managers when they have heads of different departments. Technological advancement is another challenge that managers have to deal with. Today, technological advancements are on the rise more than in the early period. Modern technology has to be utilized if an organization wants to provide goods and services which are cost effective, relevant, and congruent with the needs of the society. Therefore, managers face the significant challenge of raising the initial cost of acquiring, running, and maintaining modern technology. This is also made worse by the brief existence of a large number of technological inventions which imply that managers have to reinvest in contemporary technology often in order to protract their relevance (Hollen, Van, Frans & Volberda, 2013). This graph illustrates the i dea that technological progress is both a continuous opportunity and a continuous danger to the organization. Trade unions are another challenge facing the managers. Trade unions can be extremely cruel when it comes to negotiation and they may urge the workers to engage in striking activities. This has a negative impact

Wind Turbines for Power Generation Research Paper

Wind Turbines for Power Generation - Research Paper Example For instance, there are activities that can be applied in setting up these structures, which include manufacturing of materials and transportation of these components to the sites. Furthermore, CO2 omissions occur in the process of turbines construction and other supporting infrastructure, maintenances and decommissioning of the site (Kubiszewski, Clevelan & Endres, 2010, 286). However, this is one of disadvantages associated with wind turbine for power generation; thus, there will be other disadvantages discussed in this paper. Opponents of wind power generation whether onshore or offshore claim that there increased requirements of construction and operation, which does not put into consideration other types of power generation (Firestone & Kempton, 2007, 1584). Therefore, there is need to considered requirement of installation energy in order to assess the suitability of wind power generation based on its cost-effectiveness in the process of developing it as a source of energy. In this case, the cost incurred in the process of setting up the infrastructures need for site installations is not comparable to the anticipated energy generation during the lifespan of these structures. On other hand, the time consumed to install and generate energy is long; hence it results to increased costs in manufacturing and construction of these infrastructures due reduced payback period (Blanco, 2009, 1372). In addition, there have been significant increases of costs in generating wind power for the last three years due to increased demand and high prices of raw materials. Setting up an offshore wind power generation site requires increased amount of capital cost due to the operations and management costs involved; in fact, they are twice the costs incurred in setting onshore sites (Firestone & Kempton, 2007, 1585). In this case, offshore sites involve increased costs incurred in the process of laying foundation, setting submarine transmission cables and installation faciliti es. Moreover, there are difficulties experienced in dealing adverse sea condition in the process of setting up an offshore site for wind power generation (Green & Vasilakos, 2011, 496). Apparently, this high capital cost requires the government to incur significant const in the process of financing this developing industry. Besides, this requires additional capital to integrate the operations of the plant with technology, thereby decreasing the economies of scale. There is a degree of uncertainty involved in generation of power using wind; hence, this increases problems caused by wind unavailability. In fact, this has created significant challenges, which are faced by transmission operators compare to traditional way of generating power (Strbac, Shakoor, Black, Pudjianto & Bopp, 2007, 1214). Furthermore, there are not chances of predicting and integrating wind availability with the national grid. However, these challenges are deal by incurring financial costs, though there are other disadvantages associated with underestimation of resilience offered by distribution of wind; thus resulting to under applied resources. There are other limitations associated with use of wind turbines for power generation, whereby it involves resources that are not available without uninterrupted supply, hence, it is irregular. In this case, this limitation is considered a critical factor bearing in mind that dealing with power generation output should be balanced with demand; in fact, this is due the fact that electricity for major energy supply cannot be stored efficiently. For instance, output is decreased by lowering the

CSR - corporate social responsibility Assignment

CSR - corporate social responsibility - Assignment Example While critics indicate that CSR is mostly a self-interest and PR practice with no benefits to the society (Margolis and Walsh, 2003), supporters of the concept believe that it provides value for businesses, societies and ecosystems (Porter and Crammer, 2006). According to Haigh and Jones (2006), CSR has great potential as a strategy for value addition both business and the environment if two important conditions are achieved. The first condition is that CSR has to be integrated in the company’s core strategy while the second condition is that the company should be able to monitor the additional values resulting from the CSR. Manufacturing companies, like all other businesses, have embraced the concept of CSR for its benefits. CSR is particularly important for manufacturing firms because of the impact of their activities on the environment which have been associated with pollution and climate change. Over the past two decades, CSR strategy for environmental sustainability has been made a legal requirement for manufacturing companies in most countries (Smith, 2010). One of the companies that have been affected by this is Nokia Siemens Corporation. The company has had to come up with CSR strategies both for meeting legal requirements and for its own benefits, this paper examines the CSR strategy of Nokia Siemens Corporation, benefits of the strategy, one environmental concern it has to cope with and strategies for dealing with it. Nokia Siemens Corporation has one of the most detailed and globally recognized CSR strategies for the environment which basically touches on two important areas, products and services. Every year, the company continues to search for various possibilities for reduction of the environmental impact of its devices ad operations at each and every stage of their product life cycles (Nokia Siemens Corporation, 2012). The company largely focuses on material usage, energy efficiency, manufacturing processes, and recycling. According

Novel project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Novel project - Essay Example This book very aptly describes different types of client with different requirements in a humorous way and uses the various Indian doctrines and the some prominent religion of the contemporary India to influence and shape up the characters of the book in order to wangle The Marriage Bureau for Rich People. Throughout the book, Zama has displayed generous details of both Hindus and Muslims rituals and their ideologies, which, more or less, falls on the same platform. After having the pleasure of reading the novel, it was easy to identify the doctrines and beliefs that are held by the people of India in a comic and chuckle some way. One set of dogma that is depicted in the story is the one based on religion and traditions such as morale teaching, upholding religion, family institution, community, respect for elders and patience. Whereas, the second creed that is been portrayed by Zama is based on politics and economic statuses. For, rich have different ‘needs’ than a poor. Furthermore, this book expertly includes and excludes complication that arises as a result of these ideologies. How do we know of these ideologies in the book? Well, Zama has deftly portrayed these doctrines in his book with the help of character’s thoughts and words. For instance, Mr. Ali clients sometime consist of wealthy people who have come to find a ‘specific’ type of girl for their eligible, highly educated and smart son. Most of the rich lot came with the hope to find a beautiful and equally or more so wealthy daughter in law, since for them marriage means transfer of money through dowry. For them the bride is the barter and their demand for dowry usually comprises of large amount of wealth, wedding cost to be bore by the bride’s parent and sometimes brand new and shiny car, maybe an Accord?. However, these snobs demand for a bride to be submissive and surprisingly, of poor or middle class, well not so surprisingly since, their aim is to take the girl/maid and make